Say It to Learn It: How Self-Explanation Makes Learning Stick
Ever notice your child talking through a math problem out loud or trying to make sense of a science concept? They’re not rambling, they’re actually tapping into one of the most effective learning strategies out there: self-explanation.
It might sound like a mouthful, but at its core, self-explanation is exactly what it sounds like: students explaining what they’re learning and why it works—step by step, in their own words. And yes, there’s real science behind it.
What Is Self-Explanation (And Why Does It Work)?
Self-explanation is a simple but effective strategy where students pause and explain what they’re learning—either to themselves or out loud. It's like being their own teacher. Whether solving a math problem, reading a science passage, or tackling a tricky logic puzzle, students ask themselves, “Why does this step work?” or “How does this connect to what I already know?”
In one landmark study, students were asked to explain their thinking while solving logic problems. Later, when the problems got harder and more abstract, the students who had self-explained outperformed everyone else even those who were given instructions or answers. Why? Because explaining forced them to think deeper, not just follow steps.
Why It Works
Connects New Ideas to Old Knowledge: Self-explanation helps students link what they’re learning now to what they already know, which boosts memory and understanding.
Strengthens Problem-Solving Skills: Instead of just memorizing steps, students learn the why behind each move key for mastering subjects like math and science.
Promotes Transfer: Students who self-explain are better at applying what they’ve learned to new problems, a major win for tests like the SAT or ACT.
Improves Retention: Whether it’s a history fact or a geometric theorem, explaining helps lock it into long-term memory.
For Students: Here’s How to Try It
You don’t need a teaching degree to encourage self-explanation at home. Try these:
After your child finishes a math problem, ask: (1) “Why did you choose that method?” or (2) “How do you know this answer is right?”
While reading a textbook together, prompt them with: (1) “What’s the main idea of that section?” or (2) “How does that connect to what you learned yesterday?”
During review sessions: (1) “Explain it to me like I’m in 5th grade.” or (2) “What part of this still feels confusing?”
How Parents Can Support This at Home
You don’t need flashcards, just a little conversation can go a long way. Here’s how to encourage self-explanation at home:
Ask “why” or “how” questions during homework.
- When your child solves a math problem, don’t just check if it’s right, ask them, “How did you get that answer?” or “Why did you choose that method?”
Use it while reading.
- If they’re reading history or science, pause every few paragraphs and say, “Can you explain that back to me?” or “What does that remind you of?”
Make it a game.
- Challenge them to teach you something they learned in school today. If they can explain it clearly, they’ve learned it deeply.
Be a sounding board.
- Even just listening, without correcting gives them a chance to process and reflect out loud.
The Bottom Line
Self-explanation turns passive learning into active understanding. It's not just about getting the right answer, it’s about building the kind of mental muscle that lasts through exams, projects, and real-life problem-solving.
Want your child to learn strategies like this and actually enjoy the process? Reach-out to us, let’s make learning fun again.